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Maryland CDL: Road Conditions and Emergencies

Selected knowledge practice, not a complete licensing course or practical training.

Maryland CDL: Road Conditions and Emergencies

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Question 1 of 64
  1. 1. You enter a highway work zone where the lane narrows and the pavement becomes uneven. What should guide your speed?
  2. 2. Why is dropping the wheels of a tall truck onto a low shoulder especially dangerous near roadside signs?
  3. 3. A box is lying in your truck's lane. You cannot tell what is inside. What is the safest assumption?
  4. 4. While approaching a stopped transit bus, which hidden hazard should a truck driver anticipate?
  5. 5. A parked car's reverse lights come on as your truck approaches. What should you prepare for?
  6. 6. A delivery van is stopped beside the road with its rear doors open. What deserves extra attention as you approach?
  7. 7. An exit ramp curves sharply just after beginning downhill. Why should a truck driver assess it before entering?
  8. 8. You notice a car ahead braking unpredictably near an exit. What is the main benefit of treating it as a developing hazard?
  9. 9. A driver keeps both hands on the wheel but becomes absorbed in a conversation and stops noticing traffic changes. Is this distraction?
  10. 10. A hands-free conversation leaves both hands available. Does that mean it cannot distract a CMV driver?
  11. 11. Under the federal CMV texting rule, may a driver type a routine dispatch reply while stopped at a red light with the engine running?
  12. 12. Which stop is outside the driving definition in the federal CMV texting rule?
  13. 13. A carrier tells a driver to answer routine texts while driving a CMV. How does the federal texting rule apply to the carrier?
  14. 14. Which communication fits the federal exception to the handheld-phone restriction while driving a CMV?
  15. 15. Another driver makes an angry gesture and tries to provoke you. What is the safest response?
  16. 16. A nearby car drifts within its lane while its driver repeatedly looks down. What should you do?
  17. 17. Your eyelids feel heavy and your truck has drifted toward the lane edge twice. What should you do?
  18. 18. A driver cannot recall the last several miles and has missed an exit. What is the safest interpretation?
  19. 19. A tired driver feels more awake after coffee and cold air from a window. What should the driver understand?
  20. 20. Why should a driver avoid darkly tinted glasses when driving at night?
  21. 21. Headlight glare seems worse through a windshield with an oily film inside. What should you do before another night trip?
  22. 22. How should interior cab lighting be managed during night driving?
  23. 23. A truck's headlamps are dirty and one is poorly aimed. What is the right response before driving at night?
  24. 24. Oncoming high beams make it hard to see. Where should you direct your attention?
  25. 25. Which headlight setting generally gives better visibility in fog?
  26. 26. Why is following the vehicle ahead's taillights an unreliable way to navigate dense fog?
  27. 27. Before entering a stretch of very dense fog, you can safely reach a truck stop. What is the safer option if visibility is inadequate?
  28. 28. Which preparation helps keep the windshield usable in freezing conditions?
  29. 29. Snow and ice cover a truck's steps and handholds. What should happen before using them?
  30. 30. After a long drive on a hot day, tire pressure is above its cold reading. Should you bleed air merely to restore the cold reading?
  31. 31. The engine overheats and the cooling system is still hot. What should you do about a pressurized radiator or coolant cap?
  32. 32. Why must a driver monitor engine temperature when using a winter front or radiator cover?
  33. 33. A railroad crossing has a crossbuck but no active lights or gates. What does the lack of active warnings mean?
  34. 34. No train horn is audible as you approach a crossing. What can you safely conclude?
  35. 35. Railroad red warning lights begin flashing while the gate is still upright. What should you do?
  36. 36. One train has just cleared a crossing with several tracks. What must you check before proceeding?
  37. 37. A bus is carrying passengers and is subject to 49 CFR 392.10 at a crossing with no applicable exception. Where must it stop relative to the tracks?
  38. 38. For a vehicle required to stop under 49 CFR 392.10, how should the driver select a gear for crossing railroad tracks?
  39. 39. Traffic is queued just beyond a railroad crossing, leaving room for your cab but not your full combination. What should you do?
  40. 40. Your vehicle is stuck at a crossing and everyone is safely away from the tracks. What information on the blue-and-white ENS sign helps you alert the railroad?
  41. 41. Before a long mountain descent, which combination should determine a truck's safe speed?
  42. 42. During a descent, repeated heavy service-brake use leads to less slowing despite more pedal pressure. What is a likely danger?
  43. 43. Why can poorly adjusted brakes make overheating more likely on a downgrade?
  44. 44. In the handbook's downgrade example, a suitable low gear is selected and the safe speed is 40 mph. When applying the described snub-braking method, at about what speed are the brakes released?
  45. 45. Your truck is gaining speed on a steep descent because its brakes have failed. An escape ramp is ahead. What should guide your decision?
  46. 46. A driver says a heavily loaded truck can always descend a hill in the same gear it used to climb. Is that a reliable rule for modern trucks?
  47. 47. A driver steers around an obstacle with enough room to avoid it. Why should the driver avoid turning the wheel much farther than necessary?
  48. 48. You have safely steered onto a clear shoulder to avoid a collision, and there is room to stop. What is generally safer than immediately jerking back onto the road?
  49. 49. A truck with hydraulic brakes loses pedal pressure. Which temporary response does the handbook describe as sometimes rebuilding enough pressure to help stop?
  50. 50. A front tire blows out, but no immediate collision requires emergency braking. What should you do first?
  51. 51. You hear a tire burst but the truck still seems to handle normally. What should happen after you reach a safe stopping place?
  52. 52. What is the main benefit of functioning ABS during hard braking?
  53. 53. An ABS warning lamp remains on after its normal self-check or comes on while driving. What does that suggest?
  54. 54. A tractor has functioning ABS but its trailer does not. Is the tractor's ABS still useful?
  55. 55. In a straight-line emergency stop with properly functioning ABS on all axles, how should the driver generally use the service brake?
  56. 56. A truck's front tires have lost grip and it continues straight despite steering input. Will turning the wheel much farther solve the skid?
  57. 57. Why can locked tractor drive wheels during braking develop into a jackknife?
  58. 58. You stop to help at a crash and can choose a safe place to park. Why should you stay clear of the immediate crash area?
  59. 59. Smoke indicates a truck fire and the vehicle can still be stopped safely. Which location is preferable?
  60. 60. After stopping safely for an engine fire, what should you avoid?
  61. 61. Smoke is coming from inside a closed box trailer. Why should the driver keep the cargo doors shut?
  62. 62. You do not know what is burning in a load that may contain hazardous materials or which extinguisher is suitable. What should you do?
  63. 63. A trained person has judged a small fire safe to tackle with a suitable extinguisher and a clear escape route. Where should the discharge be aimed?
  64. 64. Visible flames and smoke have stopped after a vehicle fire. What should a driver remember?
Review all 64 questions with answers

  1. You enter a highway work zone where the lane narrows and the pavement becomes uneven. What should guide your speed?

    Correct answer: Leave time and room for workers, equipment and sudden path changes.

    Work zones can combine uneven surfaces, narrow lanes, sharp turns and people near traffic. Reduce speed as needed and actively watch for changing hazards rather than assuming the normal road layout continues.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.8 Seeing Hazards; Work Zones; physical PDF page 79 (printed 79); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  2. Why is dropping the wheels of a tall truck onto a low shoulder especially dangerous near roadside signs?

    Correct answer: The truck may lean toward a sign or another overhead obstacle.

    An edge drop-off can tilt the vehicle. The top of a tall truck may move toward a sign, branch or other obstacle even when the tires miss it. Keep the whole vehicle's clearance in mind.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.8 Seeing Hazards; Drop-offs; physical PDF page 79 (printed 79); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  3. A box is lying in your truck's lane. You cannot tell what is inside. What is the safest assumption?

    Correct answer: It may contain a heavy object capable of damaging the vehicle.

    A box or bag on the road may hide a solid or heavy object. Recognize the hazard early and avoid it only when that can be done safely; its appearance does not prove it is harmless to drive over.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.8 Seeing Hazards; Foreign Objects; physical PDF page 79 (printed 79); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  4. While approaching a stopped transit bus, which hidden hazard should a truck driver anticipate?

    Correct answer: A person stepping into the road from in front of the bus.

    A large stopped vehicle can hide people who enter the road. Slow and remain prepared for a pedestrian to appear; do not assume that leaving a bus means a person has seen your truck.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.8 Drivers with a Limited View; Delivery Trucks and Buses; physical PDF page 80 (printed 80); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  5. A parked car's reverse lights come on as your truck approaches. What should you prepare for?

    Correct answer: The car may back into your path.

    Lights, moving front wheels and other visible activity can warn that a parked vehicle may enter your path. Treat them as a reason to prepare, not as proof that its driver has seen you.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.8 Parked Vehicles; physical PDF page 80 (printed 80); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  6. A delivery van is stopped beside the road with its rear doors open. What deserves extra attention as you approach?

    Correct answer: A delivery worker stepping out from a hidden position.

    Delivery activity can put people close to moving traffic, sometimes hidden by the vehicle or its doors. Scan for people and leave space instead of assuming the area beside the van is empty.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.8 Delivery Trucks; physical PDF page 80 (printed 80); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  7. An exit ramp curves sharply just after beginning downhill. Why should a truck driver assess it before entering?

    Correct answer: The downhill section can build speed before the sharp curve.

    A downgrade can increase speed on the approach to a ramp curve. Plan a suitable entry speed early; waiting until the curve leaves less room to control a heavy vehicle safely.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.8 Offramps and Onramps; physical PDF page 79 (printed 79); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  8. You notice a car ahead braking unpredictably near an exit. What is the main benefit of treating it as a developing hazard?

    Correct answer: You can plan space and an escape option before an emergency.

    Hazard recognition gives you time to plan. Consider what might happen and how to respond while keeping your observations current; a prediction is not a guarantee of the other driver's movement.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.8.3 Always Have a Plan; physical PDF page 83 (printed 83); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  9. A driver keeps both hands on the wheel but becomes absorbed in a conversation and stops noticing traffic changes. Is this distraction?

    Correct answer: Yes. Mental distraction can draw attention away from driving.

    Distraction can be mental, physical, or both. Keeping hands on the wheel does not prevent a conversation from taking attention away from the road and developing hazards.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.9.3 Types of Distraction; physical PDF page 85 (printed 85); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  10. A hands-free conversation leaves both hands available. Does that mean it cannot distract a CMV driver?

    Correct answer: No. It can still take attention away from driving.

    Distraction can be mental as well as physical. A hands-free arrangement does not guarantee full attention to driving, particularly during a demanding conversation or traffic situation.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.9.4 Use of Mobile Phones; hands-free distraction; physical PDF page 86 (printed 86); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  11. Under the federal CMV texting rule, may a driver type a routine dispatch reply while stopped at a red light with the engine running?

    Correct answer: No. A temporary traffic stop still counts as driving.

    49 CFR 392.80 includes temporary traffic stops in its driving definition when the motor is running. A routine work message is not the emergency-communication exception.

    Source: 49 CFR 392.80(a), (c) and (d); eCFR title 49 displayed current through September 11, 2026; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  12. Which stop is outside the driving definition in the federal CMV texting rule?

    Correct answer: Moving off the highway and halting where it is safe to remain.

    The rule distinguishes a temporary traffic delay from moving to the side of or off the highway and halting where the vehicle can safely remain. Choose a genuinely safe location rather than stopping in a travel lane to text.

    Source: 49 CFR 392.80(c); eCFR title 49 displayed current through September 11, 2026; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  13. A carrier tells a driver to answer routine texts while driving a CMV. How does the federal texting rule apply to the carrier?

    Correct answer: The carrier must not allow or require texting while driving.

    49 CFR 392.80 prohibits a motor carrier from allowing or requiring a driver to text while driving. Dispatch needs must be handled without directing the driver to violate that rule.

    Source: 49 CFR 392.80(b); eCFR title 49 displayed current through September 11, 2026; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  14. Which communication fits the federal exception to the handheld-phone restriction while driving a CMV?

    Correct answer: Necessary communication with emergency services about an emergency.

    The exception is for communication necessary with law enforcement or emergency services. Routine business and personal calls do not qualify; this does not make a distracting or unsafe call a good driving choice.

    Source: 49 CFR 392.82(a)-(c); eCFR title 49 displayed current through September 11, 2026; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  15. Another driver makes an angry gesture and tries to provoke you. What is the safest response?

    Correct answer: Avoid engaging and give the driver room to move away.

    Do not turn another person's aggressive behavior into a confrontation. Keep your attention on safe driving, avoid retaliation and allow separation when you can do so safely.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.10.3 What You Should Do When Confronted by an Aggressive Driver; physical PDF page 90 (printed 90); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  16. A nearby car drifts within its lane while its driver repeatedly looks down. What should you do?

    Correct answer: Allow extra room and be ready for an unexpected movement.

    Drifting and diverted attention can indicate distraction. Increase your margin for an unpredictable movement rather than relying on the other driver to notice you or signal reliably.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.9.7 Watch Out for Other Distracted Drivers; physical PDF page 88 (printed 88); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  17. Your eyelids feel heavy and your truck has drifted toward the lane edge twice. What should you do?

    Correct answer: Stop at the nearest safe place and get needed rest.

    These are warning signs of fatigue. Do not wait for a crash or a planned stop to act. Get to a safe stopping place and rest before continuing; cab stimulation is not a substitute for sleep.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.11.2 Driver Factors; fatigue warning signs; physical PDF page 92 (printed 92); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  18. A driver cannot recall the last several miles and has missed an exit. What is the safest interpretation?

    Correct answer: Fatigue may be affecting awareness and requires a safe stop.

    Missing recent driving memories or signs can be a fatigue warning. The driver should safely stop and address the need for rest, not use another vehicle as a substitute for alertness.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.11.2 Driver Factors; fatigue warning signs; physical PDF page 92 (printed 92); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  19. A tired driver feels more awake after coffee and cold air from a window. What should the driver understand?

    Correct answer: Feeling stimulated does not replace the sleep the driver needs.

    Temporary stimulation is not a reliable solution for fatigue. Plan adequate rest and stop safely when drowsy instead of treating a short-lived feeling of alertness as proof of safe driving ability.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.11.2 Driver Factors; fatigue and sleep; physical PDF page 93 (printed 93); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  20. Why should a driver avoid darkly tinted glasses when driving at night?

    Correct answer: They reduce the light available for seeing hazards.

    Night driving already offers less visual information. Dark lenses reduce available light further. Do not try to solve glare by making the whole scene darker.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.11.2 Driver Factors; Vision; physical PDF page 91 (printed 91); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  21. Headlight glare seems worse through a windshield with an oily film inside. What should you do before another night trip?

    Correct answer: Clean both the inside and outside glass surfaces.

    Dirt and film can scatter light and worsen glare. Cleaning inside and outside glass, along with mirrors and lights, helps preserve the limited visibility available at night.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.11.4 Vehicle Factors; Windshield and Mirrors; physical PDF page 95 (printed 95); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  22. How should interior cab lighting be managed during night driving?

    Correct answer: Keep it low enough to avoid glare while instruments remain readable.

    Bright interior lighting can interfere with outside vision. Keep instruments readable without unnecessary cab glare, and maintain attention to the road.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.11.5 Night Driving Procedures; Avoid Glare from Inside Your Vehicle; physical PDF page 95 (printed 95); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  23. A truck's headlamps are dirty and one is poorly aimed. What is the right response before driving at night?

    Correct answer: Clean the lamps and have their aim corrected.

    Dirty or misaligned headlamps reduce useful road illumination and may create glare for others. Correct their condition rather than compensating with unsafe following or inappropriate beam use.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.11.4 Vehicle Factors; Headlights; physical PDF page 94 (printed 94); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  24. Oncoming high beams make it hard to see. Where should you direct your attention?

    Correct answer: Toward the right side of your lane, without staring at the lights.

    Avoid looking directly into bright oncoming lamps. Use the right side of your lane as a guide while continuing to monitor your path and adjusting speed for the visibility you actually have.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.11.5 Night Driving Procedures; Avoid Glare from Oncoming Vehicles; physical PDF page 95 (printed 95); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  25. Which headlight setting generally gives better visibility in fog?

    Correct answer: Low beams, because high beams reflect more light back toward you.

    High beams reflect off fog and can worsen the driver's view. Use low beams and an appropriate reduced speed; better lighting does not remove the need for a safe visibility margin.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.12 Driving in Fog; physical PDF page 96 (printed 96); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  26. Why is following the vehicle ahead's taillights an unreliable way to navigate dense fog?

    Correct answer: That vehicle may stop or leave the roadway without you realizing it.

    Do not blindly follow lights through fog. The other vehicle may be stopped or may have left the roadway. Maintain your own awareness of the road and a safe distance.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.12 Driving in Fog; physical PDF page 96 (printed 96); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  27. Before entering a stretch of very dense fog, you can safely reach a truck stop. What is the safer option if visibility is inadequate?

    Correct answer: Wait at the truck stop until conditions improve.

    When possible, avoid driving in dense fog by waiting in a safe location such as a truck stop or rest area. A roadside stop can expose the truck to vehicles whose drivers cannot see it in time.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.12 Driving in Fog; physical PDF page 96 (printed 96); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  28. Which preparation helps keep the windshield usable in freezing conditions?

    Correct answer: Check the defroster, wipers and freeze-protected washer supply.

    Winter preparation includes a working defroster, suitable wipers and washer fluid protected against freezing. Do not start relying on equipment before confirming it can keep your view clear.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.13.1 Vehicle Checks; Defrosting and Heating Equipment; Wipers and Washers; physical PDF page 97 (printed 97); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  29. Snow and ice cover a truck's steps and handholds. What should happen before using them?

    Correct answer: Clear them so you have secure footing and a reliable grip.

    Winter inspection includes clearing snow and ice from steps and handholds. Secure access reduces the risk of a fall; jumping or relying on eventual melting is not a sound substitute.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.13.1 Vehicle Checks; Hand Holds, Steps and Deck Plates; physical PDF page 98 (printed 98); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  30. After a long drive on a hot day, tire pressure is above its cold reading. Should you bleed air merely to restore the cold reading?

    Correct answer: No. Recheck under the proper cold-inflation conditions.

    Pressure normally rises as a tire heats. Bleeding it to the cold figure while hot can leave it underinflated after cooling. Follow the specified cold-pressure check and stop to investigate overheating.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.14.1 Vehicle Checks; Tires; physical PDF page 100 (printed 100); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  31. The engine overheats and the cooling system is still hot. What should you do about a pressurized radiator or coolant cap?

    Correct answer: Leave it closed until the system has cooled and follow service instructions.

    Hot pressurized coolant can escape and cause severe burns. Stop safely, allow the system to cool and follow the vehicle's service procedure. A hot cap should not be opened as an immediate cooling shortcut.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.14.1 Vehicle Checks; Engine Coolant; physical PDF page 101 (printed 101); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  32. Why must a driver monitor engine temperature when using a winter front or radiator cover?

    Correct answer: Restricting airflow too much can cause the engine to overheat.

    A winter cover changes cooling airflow. Too much restriction can overheat an engine even in cold weather, so use the proper equipment and monitor temperature.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.13.1 Vehicle Checks; Radiator Shutters and Winterfront; physical PDF page 99 (printed 99); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  33. A railroad crossing has a crossbuck but no active lights or gates. What does the lack of active warnings mean?

    Correct answer: You must use the signs and your own observation to assess trains.

    A passive crossing does not actively warn you with lights or gates. Observe and obey the signs, look and listen, and meet any stopping requirement that applies to your vehicle or load.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.15.1 Types of Crossings; Passive Crossings; physical PDF page 103 (printed 103); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  34. No train horn is audible as you approach a crossing. What can you safely conclude?

    Correct answer: Nothing about whether a train is approaching; look and listen.

    Train horns may not sound at some crossings, and cab noise can mask them. Silence is not permission to cross. Check the tracks and obey the warning devices and applicable stop rules.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.15.3 Driving Procedures; Do Not Rely on Hearing the Train; physical PDF page 106 (printed 106); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  35. Railroad red warning lights begin flashing while the gate is still upright. What should you do?

    Correct answer: Stop before the tracks rather than trying to beat the gate.

    Stop when the crossing's red lights begin flashing; do not wait for the gate to block the lane. Remain stopped until the gates are up, the lights have stopped and it is safe to cross.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.15.2 Warning Signs and Devices; Gates; physical PDF page 105 (printed 105); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  36. One train has just cleared a crossing with several tracks. What must you check before proceeding?

    Correct answer: That no other train is approaching and the crossing warnings permit travel.

    A train on one track may hide a train on another. Check all tracks in both directions and keep obeying the lights and gates; the first train's departure alone does not establish a clear crossing.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.15.3 Double Tracks Require a Double Check; physical PDF page 106 (printed 106); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  37. A bus is carrying passengers and is subject to 49 CFR 392.10 at a crossing with no applicable exception. Where must it stop relative to the tracks?

    Correct answer: At least 15 feet but not more than 50 feet away.

    The specified vehicles, including a bus transporting passengers, must stop within the 15-to-50-foot range and look and listen before crossing. Section 392.10 includes specific exceptions; the question excludes those situations.

    Source: 49 CFR 392.10(a), (a)(1) and (b); eCFR title 49 displayed current through September 11, 2026; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  38. For a vehicle required to stop under 49 CFR 392.10, how should the driver select a gear for crossing railroad tracks?

    Correct answer: Choose a gear that completes the crossing without a shift.

    The regulation requires a gear that allows the vehicle to complete the crossing without shifting, and prohibits changing gears while crossing. Avoid creating a loss of power or a stall on the tracks.

    Source: 49 CFR 392.10(a); eCFR title 49 displayed current through September 11, 2026; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  39. Traffic is queued just beyond a railroad crossing, leaving room for your cab but not your full combination. What should you do?

    Correct answer: Wait before the crossing until the whole vehicle can clear it.

    Do not enter unless there is enough space for the entire vehicle to get clear. A combination can be trapped even when the cab has crossed, so evaluate the exit space before committing.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.15.5 Crossing the Tracks; physical PDF page 106 (printed 106); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  40. Your vehicle is stuck at a crossing and everyone is safely away from the tracks. What information on the blue-and-white ENS sign helps you alert the railroad?

    Correct answer: The railroad emergency phone number and the crossing identification number.

    Call the railroad emergency number on the ENS sign, give the crossing identification number and describe the emergency. The ID pinpoints the crossing for the railroad; do not rely on a guessed location or return to the vehicle to make the call.

    Source: FRA, In Case of Emergency, Use ENS Signs To Get Help; FRA page updated April 4, 2025; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  41. Before a long mountain descent, which combination should determine a truck's safe speed?

    Correct answer: Weight, grade length and steepness, road conditions and weather.

    A safe descent speed depends on the vehicle and the actual grade and conditions. A speed that worked on another hill or for another vehicle may not be suitable for this descent.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.16.1 Select a Safe Speed; physical PDF page 107 (printed 107); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  42. During a descent, repeated heavy service-brake use leads to less slowing despite more pedal pressure. What is a likely danger?

    Correct answer: Overheated brakes are fading and may no longer control speed.

    Excessive heat can reduce braking effectiveness. Needing more pressure for less slowing is a serious warning, not a reason to keep accelerating or depend on harder pedal pressure to solve the problem.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.16.3 Brake Fading or Failure; physical PDF page 108 (printed 108); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  43. Why can poorly adjusted brakes make overheating more likely on a downgrade?

    Correct answer: The remaining brakes work harder and can overheat sooner.

    When some brakes are not doing their share, the others must work harder. That can overheat them and accelerate fade. Correct adjustment and condition matter before starting a descent.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.16.3 Brake Fading or Failure; physical PDF page 108 (printed 108); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  44. In the handbook's downgrade example, a suitable low gear is selected and the safe speed is 40 mph. When applying the described snub-braking method, at about what speed are the brakes released?

    Correct answer: 35 mph, about 5 mph below that selected safe speed.

    The handbook describes applying enough braking for a definite slowdown, then releasing around 5 mph below the chosen safe speed and repeating as needed when that safe speed is reached. Forty mph is the example, not a universal mountain speed; proper gear selection and actual conditions remain essential.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.16.4 Proper Braking Technique, continued from page 108; physical PDF page 109 (printed 109); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  45. Your truck is gaining speed on a steep descent because its brakes have failed. An escape ramp is ahead. What should guide your decision?

    Correct answer: Use the available ramp rather than delay while speed builds.

    Escape ramps are intended to help stop runaway vehicles. Know their locations and use an available ramp when brakes fail rather than letting the truck gather more speed while searching for a less inconvenient option.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.17.3 Brake Failure; escape ramps; physical PDF page 112 (printed 112); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  46. A driver says a heavily loaded truck can always descend a hill in the same gear it used to climb. Is that a reliable rule for modern trucks?

    Correct answer: No. Engine and braking characteristics can require a lower descent gear.

    The handbook warns against relying on the old same-gear rule for every truck. Select the appropriate low gear before descending, considering the vehicle and grade rather than applying a universal uphill-to-downhill shortcut.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.16.2 Select the Right Gear Before Starting Down the Grade; physical PDF page 108 (printed 108); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  47. A driver steers around an obstacle with enough room to avoid it. Why should the driver avoid turning the wheel much farther than necessary?

    Correct answer: Excessive steering can lead to a skid or rollover.

    Emergency steering must be controlled. A heavy vehicle can skid or roll if the driver overcorrects. Steer only as much as needed and retain control of the vehicle's return path.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.17.1 Steering to Avoid a Crash; physical PDF page 110 (printed 110); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  48. You have safely steered onto a clear shoulder to avoid a collision, and there is room to stop. What is generally safer than immediately jerking back onto the road?

    Correct answer: Stay on the shoulder until stopped and return when safe.

    When the shoulder provides a safe stopping path, stopping there avoids a sudden uncontrolled return. Do not assume every shoulder can support a truck; evaluate its surface, obstacles and available space.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.17.1 Leaving the Road; physical PDF page 110 (printed 110); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  49. A truck with hydraulic brakes loses pedal pressure. Which temporary response does the handbook describe as sometimes rebuilding enough pressure to help stop?

    Correct answer: Pumping the hydraulic brake pedal.

    For hydraulic pressure loss, pumping the pedal may build temporary pressure. This is not an instruction for air brakes or normal ABS operation. Stop safely and have the fault corrected; a temporarily firmer pedal does not make the truck serviceable.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.17.3 Loss of Hydraulic Pressure; physical PDF page 112 (printed 112); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  50. A front tire blows out, but no immediate collision requires emergency braking. What should you do first?

    Correct answer: Hold the wheel firmly and let the truck slow without hard braking.

    A blowout can pull or destabilize the truck. Keep a firm grip, avoid braking initially unless needed to avoid an immediate collision, and slow before braking gently and stopping safely.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.17.4 Respond to Tire Failure; physical PDF page 113 (printed 113); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  51. You hear a tire burst but the truck still seems to handle normally. What should happen after you reach a safe stopping place?

    Correct answer: Inspect all tires because one tire in a dual pair may have failed.

    A dual tire can fail without dramatic handling changes. Do not assume normal steering proves the tires are sound; stop safely and check all tires.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.17.4 Tire Failure; physical PDF page 113 (printed 113); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  52. What is the main benefit of functioning ABS during hard braking?

    Correct answer: It reduces wheel lock so the driver can retain more steering control.

    ABS helps prevent wheels from locking during braking and can help preserve control. It does not create traction, guarantee a shorter stop or justify higher speeds and smaller gaps.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.18.4 How ABS Helps You; physical PDF page 114 (printed 114); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  53. An ABS warning lamp remains on after its normal self-check or comes on while driving. What does that suggest?

    Correct answer: An ABS fault may exist; normal brakes may still work, but service is needed.

    A warning beyond normal startup behavior can indicate an ABS problem. With otherwise sound brakes, conventional braking remains, but ABS assistance may be lost. Have the problem serviced and do not confuse the normal initial lamp check with a fault.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.18.7 Braking if ABS Is Not Working; physical PDF page 115 (printed 115); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  54. A tractor has functioning ABS but its trailer does not. Is the tractor's ABS still useful?

    Correct answer: Yes. It can help retain tractor control even without trailer ABS.

    ABS can still offer benefits on the part of the combination that has it. Tractor ABS does not make an unequipped trailer an ABS trailer, so avoid assuming identical anti-lock protection throughout the combination.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.18.5 ABS on the Tractor Only or Only on the Trailer; physical PDF page 115 (printed 115); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  55. In a straight-line emergency stop with properly functioning ABS on all axles, how should the driver generally use the service brake?

    Correct answer: Apply firm, steady pressure without pumping the pedal.

    With functioning ABS, use the braking needed while letting the system manage wheel lock. Pumping or routine stab braking interrupts the intended operation; ABS still does not remove traction and stopping-distance limits.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.18.6 Braking with ABS; physical PDF page 115 (printed 115); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  56. A truck's front tires have lost grip and it continues straight despite steering input. Will turning the wheel much farther solve the skid?

    Correct answer: No. Reduce the excessive speed or braking input so traction can return.

    In a front-wheel skid, the tires cannot provide the requested steering force. More steering alone does not restore grip. Ease the excessive input causing the skid and slow as safely as possible.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.19.3 Front-wheel Skids, continued from page 117; physical PDF page 118 (printed 118); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  57. Why can locked tractor drive wheels during braking develop into a jackknife?

    Correct answer: The trailer can push the tractor's sliding rear end sideways.

    Locked drive wheels have little directional control. The trailer can push the tractor's rear out of line, folding the combination. Prevent wheel lock and use braking appropriate to the vehicle and conditions.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.19.1 Drive-wheel Skids, continued; Figure 2.19; physical PDF page 117 (printed 117); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  58. You stop to help at a crash and can choose a safe place to park. Why should you stay clear of the immediate crash area?

    Correct answer: Emergency vehicles need access and another collision must be avoided.

    Protect the area from further collisions without blocking responders. Park safely away from the immediate scene, warn traffic as appropriate and provide the location when calling for help.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.20.1 Protect the Area; physical PDF page 118 (printed 118); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  59. Smoke indicates a truck fire and the vehicle can still be stopped safely. Which location is preferable?

    Correct answer: An open area away from buildings, brush and other vehicles.

    Stop off the road in a suitable open area when possible, away from things that can catch fire, and notify emergency services. A fuel station is an especially unsuitable place to take a burning vehicle.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.21.3 Fire Fighting; Pull Off the Road; physical PDF page 120 (printed 120); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  60. After stopping safely for an engine fire, what should you avoid?

    Correct answer: Opening the hood and feeding the fire with more air.

    Stop the engine as soon as you can safely do so. Avoid opening the hood, which can supply oxygen and intensify a fire. Prioritize getting clear and contacting emergency services over attempting risky access.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.21.3 Keep the Fire from Spreading; physical PDF page 120 (printed 120); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  61. Smoke is coming from inside a closed box trailer. Why should the driver keep the cargo doors shut?

    Correct answer: Opening them can add oxygen and make the fire flare up.

    Opening a burning cargo compartment can rapidly feed the fire. Keep the doors closed, stay clear and call emergency services, especially when the cargo may include hazardous materials.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.21.3 Keep the Fire from Spreading; physical PDF page 120 (printed 120); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  62. You do not know what is burning in a load that may contain hazardous materials or which extinguisher is suitable. What should you do?

    Correct answer: Keep clear and let trained firefighters handle the fire.

    The wrong extinguishing method can worsen a fire or create another hazard. If the material or suitable agent is uncertain, keep clear, notify responders and leave the response to trained firefighters.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.21.3 Use the Right Fire Extinguisher; physical PDF page 121 (printed 121); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  63. A trained person has judged a small fire safe to tackle with a suitable extinguisher and a clear escape route. Where should the discharge be aimed?

    Correct answer: At the base or source of the fire.

    An extinguisher must act on the source of the fire rather than just its upper flames. This does not mean approaching a large, unknown or unsafe fire; leave when conditions are unsafe and call emergency services.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.21.3 Extinguish the Fire; physical PDF page 121 (printed 121); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

  64. Visible flames and smoke have stopped after a vehicle fire. What should a driver remember?

    Correct answer: Hot material can reignite; the absence of flames is not an all-clear.

    Material may remain hot and reignite even when flames or smoke are no longer visible. Do not treat that appearance as permission to resume driving; keep clear and follow the emergency response and inspection process.

    Source: Maryland Commercial Driver’s License Manual, DL-151 (02/26), February 2026; Section 2; 2.21.3 Extinguish the Fire; physical PDF page 121 (printed 121); public mirror of the Maryland manual; reviewed September 15, 2026. ↗

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Maryland CDL: Road Conditions and Emergencies

64 questions on hazard recognition, driver attention, weather, rail crossings, grades, emergency control and fires.

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Original study scenarios, not official exam questions or a substitute for vehicle-specific instruction. Emergency practice does not qualify you to handle a fire or failed vehicle without appropriate training. Each answer includes an explanation.